Content on discipline problems in school free essay sample

The motivation behind order is to assist the person with gaining information, propensities, interests and standards which conduce to the prosperity of him, his colleagues and society all in all. Other than that, control ought to be educated in school by educators since youthful. Giving order exercises to the young people can control them appropriate order which is fundamental in their developing procedure including mental turn of events. To be progressively exact, young person are prepared to be increasingly ready to keep up a decent conduct through what they have realize in the order exercises as they were presented with the idea of control. As instruction analyst Daniel Duke (1989) focuses out,† the objective of good conduct is vital, however not adequate to guarantee scholarly development. † But, a well scholarly development unequivocally relies upon how an individual was educated since youthful which incorporates how they were prepared in discipline and keeping up great conduct. Adolescent can maintain a strategic distance from the sentiments of blame and disgrace by keeping away from inappropriate conduct on the off chance that they have self-restraint. Additionally, Discipline goes about as a standard for adolescent to be decided by society to see whether they are adult enough in different circumstances. Other than that, discipline rouses kids to act well so as to be adulated by society for their prosperity. In addition, discipline organizations kids to settle on their own right choices and control their own conduct. For disciplinary issues, there are causes to it without a doubt. The causes are ordered into two sections, which are the out-of-school causes and the in-school causes. In out-of-school causes, we can see that understudies who are engaged with disciplinary issues, typically get the impact from media. It is acceptable that media like TV and the Internet have a possibly harming impact on kids. As indicated by Media Education, 2005, contemplates inspected ten years of exploration presumed that youngsters would have seen 200,000 demonstrations of viciousness, including 16,000 killings when they are 18 years old. Other than that, nature of home life is a major impact on youngsters. Two working guardian families, single parent families, two mother or daddy guardians, mixed families are probably going to exist in each network. From this reason, weakness is the fundamental explanation that makes one be engaged with disciplinary cases. Understudies are more concerned front essential security needs than for learning. These security issues have a made an enormous gathering of youngsters looking for passionate help from pretty much anyone accessible. A few understudies may pay to a specific group of companions for security reason. This urges a few understudies to utilize this chance to menace individuals who are danger to understudies under their security, and this is the means by which discipline issues happen. Another out-of-school cause is the centralization of neediness. Studies over numerous years have demonstrated a solid association between financial status and accomplishment in school. Simple stated, for the most part understudies from wealthier families show improvement over those from more unfortunate families. National insights demonstrates that experiencing childhood in a foundation of destitution is almost certain than race to put a youngster on a course of mischief and discipline. Kids in poor families experience customary worry from financial difficulty are probably going to be associated with unlawful acts and solitary. Kids brought up in neediness frequently decide to carry on in an unexpected way, which will cause disciplinary issues in school. Like referenced above, in-school causes are likewise huge impacts to disciplinary issues in school. Serious conditions are stayed in many schools where understudies go after acknowledgment, evaluations, and spots on sports group. Constrained spots exist, and they’re consistently for the best individuals. Desire and jealousy will happen, and it transforms into a disciplinary issue with regards to a contention or a battle. Feebleness is another factor in school discipline issues. A few understudies rebel as a method of voicing their disappointment with their absence of impact. Understudies are told the standards, the results, what to do, when to talk. At the point when the school makes decides and systems that characterize conduct norms for understudies that have had practically zero info, a contention of control and force can occur. Last yet undoubtedly not least, numerous understudies with consistent control issues accept that they can't and won't be effective in school. They don't accept they can get the consideration and acknowledgment they need through school accomplishment. Their self-message is â€Å"Since I can’t be perceived as something besides a disappointment, I’ll shield myself from feeling hurt. † They accept to be perceived as a troublemaker is better than being viewed as a disappointment. When there are causes, there will be impacts too. Impacts of order issues in school on educators will happen. The teacher’s mind-set may unfavorably affect the pupils’ conduct. The instructor may enter the study hall with trembling nerves and nothing is by all accounts done to satisfy him. Maybe when one understudy submits a minor mistake, the case will be misrepresented in his brain, and their sharp reactions are given, and it makes a greater issue. It is said that acceptable control and conduct are the conditions for a fruitful school. However, when a school has bunches of order issues, instructors will consider leaving the school. They said they had left since understudy discipline was such a test. Many grumbled instructing is tied in with being more in the group control business than in educating. Truth be told, the most stressing impact is the impact on different understudies. Tormenting cases expanded in the previous scarcely any years which shows that the order issues in school have not yet to be leveled out. Recordings are transferred to the Internet, indicating how an understudy is being tormented, being called â€Å"ugly-looking pig†, hair being pulled, face being slapped, and body being kicked. The reasons why the specific understudies is being harassed, now and again is simply obviously in light of the fact that the individual in question looked ugly or unattractive, which disappoints the domineering jerks. There are a few cases which had occurred in Malaysia. Tormenting in schools has been a significant issue with a few prominent cases surfacing in Malaysian over the previous year. Not long before Chinese New Year, a gathering of auxiliary school young men from Limbang, Sarawak, picked on two understudies and â€Å"rained blows and kicks† on them in their residence. Other than that, there was a tormenting episode occurred in Butterworth. Three auxiliary school understudies posted the video of how they harassed their schoolmates on YouTube. Viciousness and tormenting in schools are not something new, anyway the degree of harassing isn't typically detailed, not to mention recorded. A video on YouTube developed on Facebook indicating a Malaysian high school student being genuinely harassed by colleagues in a horrendous manner. Other than that, the SMK Raja Abdullah menaces assaulted the casualty by yanking her hair, choking her, removing her hair and hitting her in the head with books. The casualty cried and argued for her schoolmates to stop however her cohorts kept on scoffing and assault her. In another occurrence on May 24, 2011, eight auxiliary school understudies were sent for a two-year network administration program with the state Welfare Department, with a 1,500 ringgit bond for good conduct after they were seen as blameworthy of intruding into a school and thumping an understudy. Settling this issue isn't a simple undertaking, it requires inclusion all things considered, including educators, guardians and understudies themselves. Guardians truly have any kind of effect in understudy accomplishment conduct. Parental contribution ought to be expanded where schools ought to set up an approach where instructors are required to contact guardians consistently. Guardians will see how their children are acting in school. In the event that the child has discipline issues, guardians ought to be educated as quickly as time permits before things quit fooling around. It is not necessarily the case that all parental association positively affect understudy conduct. All things being equal, this is a territory which numerous effective schools guarantee to have an immense effect. Other than that, discipline plans are an approach to give understudies a constant and reasonable plain of what will occur in the event that they make trouble. Schools ought make a schoolwide order plan, yet genuinely implement it too. Educators and managers ought to regularly follow the order plan made by the educational committee. Successful homeroom the executives ought to incorporate posting and utilization of this order plan. Moreover, advisors in school assume a significant job for this situation. Understudies with issues can frequently counsel the advocates. The advocates should offer them appropriate guidance and inspiration to dispose of the unfortunate propensities. The best way to help the understudies is to get them. They should stroll around the school and watch understudies with discipline issues and furthermore get data on their experience to help realize them better. This is the means by which to comprehend the risky understudies well, so as to assist and take care of the issue.

Breaking Down the Constitution essays

Separating the Constitution articles Article Five, proviso two of the United States Constitution states, under the Authority of the United States, [the Constitution] will be the incomparable tradition that must be adhered to. because of the way that the present lobbyist government is seeking after conflicting arrangements, many accept the Constitution has become superfluous in light of the fact that no controlling standards appear to exist. Thomas Jefferson once stated, The Constitution has a place with the living and not to the dead. Accordingly, it is frequently alluded to as a living record on account of its standard modification and reevaluation; subsequently, the Constitution has not become unimportant in characterizing the objectives of American government. This will be appeared by looking at how the Constitution guarantees and maintains American thoughts of rights, characterizes administrative structures, takes into consideration an expansion in administrative development, and licenses the Supreme Court to shape and characterize open approach through Constitutional Through long stretches of research on legal disputes, political specialists are in understanding that the vast majority favor rights in principle, however their support reduces when an opportunity to incorporate the rights shows up. For instance, a solid level of Americans agree with free discourse all through the United States, however when a court case, for example, Texas versus Johnson (1989) emerges, most support moves away from complete ability to speak freely. For the situation, a Texan named Gregory Johnson put a match to an American banner during the 1984 Republican National Convention in Dallas so as to fight atomic arms development; the choice was granted to Johnson amidst harsh Lockean reasoning concerning the regular privileges of man too serves amajor job in an American's concept of rights. Numerous residents feels that it is the assignment of the state to save such claims as life, freedom, and property. The juristic hypothesis of rights bargains ... <!

Romanticism in The Lamb and London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sentimentalism in The Lamb and London - Essay Example The sonnet ' The Lamb' is easy to see however shows artist's enormous confidence and comprehension of the nature and the all-powerful. The sonnet is the exchange between the artist and the sheep. In the initial not many verses the artists asks sheep, Does thou realize who made thee. He needs to make it known to him that he isn't made by any individual nor himself makes him, rather he is the piece of the nature. At that point he tells that he is made by the being that is likewise called by a similar name as The Lamb. Similarly he explains further that different things, which he get, similar to the feed, delicate woolen attire and the delicate voice, are additionally completely given by a similar individual, who essentially is easygoing and mellow. This being is additionally the kid. At that point the writer says he himself is likewise a youngster and he is additionally made by made by him as he says, We are totally called by his name. The artist feels that the sheep, his assets and ev ery other person are the piece of the nature and made by the omnipotent. He likewise says that we are a piece of omnipotent, in that sense the nature and the all-powerful are indeed the very same thing. London is an altogether different sort of sonnet. It reflects two things: one the predominant environment in London around then and 2) the artists mind-set and mentality towards the life during that period of life. It's a troubled sonnet. He starts by saying that the roads as well as the stream in London is sanctioned (not allowed to the customary individuals). He says whomever he goes over shows the characteristics of shortcoming and hardships. What's more, every man, newborn child is enduring; there is a voice of the cry, distress in the entire climate. At that point by giving the case of fireplace sweepers he says the congregation has neglected to support the penniless. At that point the writer brings the hardships of the officers who have no choice however battle for the nation and penance them. At that point there is abrupt turn when artist draws out the way that young's mix-up brings forth ill-conceived youngster who are deserted by the general public. The Lamb: Let us think about the different statements: 1) Does thou realize who made thee: There is general inclination in the general public that I' am the maker of everything. People not just have the sentiment of being maker of materialistic things yet in addition of the normal things like the plants, the creatures and even the individuals. This is the thing that the artist needs to make the sheep mindful of, concerning who has made him and in a roundabout way he additionally needs the people to know who really their genuine maker is. The sheep here is blameless creature that is uninformed of the common realities. Additionally the people are likewise considered by the writer to be guiltless animals who are ignorant of similar realities. Presently similarly as the great educator would show his student with full love and sympathy comparably by giving the similitude of the sheep the writer needs to show the people, concerning who is their maker, maker of the world. All the battles that happen are because of the consciences and the errors of me and mine. He realizes that when the people will know who the genuine maker is their p ersonalities will break down and love among them will win. That is the reason the artist asks the sheep who made thee to make mindful the sheep and in a roundabout way individuals to realize who really is the genuine maker. 2) Gave thee such delicate voice: The little sheep has a delicate voice. Presently this honest sheep may build up the inclination that it is his own or he may feel that he himself has made it and should utilize it just for the individual purposes. The writer needs to again make him mindful that

Good Technology Vs. Bad Technology Essay

In a world commanded by innovation, it very well may be hard for an individual to recognize the importance of ‘good technology’ and ‘bad technology’. The inquiry which makes this arrangement so hard is, would could it be that makes innovation fortunate or unfortunate? Is it the innovation itself that makes it positive or negative or is it us, the clients? Innovation is a generally brilliant and radiant thing. It very well may be found in pretty much every part of our regular day to day existences. Everything from an alert awakening us, to utilizing a rotating brush or razor, or driving a vehicle uses innovation here and there. Innovation is surrounding us and will be for the remainder of time. Innovation, as most everything in this world, has its upside and its drawback. The upside can be viewed as the mechanical great. Advances in the innovation field permit us to achieve things considerably more effectively than at any other time. The ongoing arrival of the new IPhone is an incredible case of exactly the amount we are equipped for achieving with innovation. With this device that fits in your grasp, one is fit for making calls far and wide as well as sending instant messages, messages, perusing the web, tuning in to music, and taking pictures among numerous different elements of the IPhone. Furthermore, with the applications that are accessible to be downloaded to the handheld gadget, a mortgage holder would now be able to do such things as controlling the temperature in their home, or in any event, locking/opening the entryways when they are out of the house. The numerous elements of this contraption are just stunning. As it were, when utilizing a cell phone gadget, for example, the IPhone, one can finish pretty much all that they would do in their everyday life and it’s all readily available. Be that as it may, underneath the allure of these gadgets, there lies the appalling drawback. One drawback which has been in the media throughout recent years is the issue of individuals not getting enough physical movement. With pretty much everything readily available in one of these gadgets, implies that we can be sluggish. We don’t need to get going to the bank any longer to take care of tabs or move cash; we can do it on the telephone. Rather than kids getting up and going outside to play, they would now be able to sit and mess around readily available and interface with such web based life webpage as Facebook and Twitter to play against their companions. They can likewise watch motion pictures, or read books alongside playing any game that is accessible. These things should all be possible by sitting in the solace of your own home without getting up and be physical. This is a prime case of how ‘good’ innovation can be perilous. Without physical action the human body can't consume the same number of calories as it ought to and can prompt an individual picking up muscle to fat ratio. This muscle to fat ratio can influence a wide range of parts of the human body, everything from the heart, respiratory framework, joints, and even a person’s disposition. These impacts can prompt an unexpected passing of an individual in the event that they are not beneficial. It isn't the IPhone which can cause an individual to get apathetic, however it is the client. One must know their restriction of how much time to spend utilizing the device. In today’s world, a lot of innovation would now be able to be found in vehicles. Temperature settings, entryway locks, windows, cameras, are among the numerous things that are controlled by innovation in a large number of today’s vehicles. Such advances make riding in a vehicle progressively charming, agreeable, and more secure. For instance theater setups are currently being introduced in vehicles for those lengthy drives to assist keep with peopling engaged and to cause it to appear as though the time is passing rapidly. The travelers can watch a film through a DVD player on their very own screen. A few vehicles even contain hookups which permit game consoles to be played. New temperature controls imply that that there can be a different temperature on each side of the vehicle for the driver and traveler. This implies there is not any more battling about the controls in the event that one individual is excessively warm and the other is excessively cold. Everybody can be alright with their own atmosphere controlled settings. Another and rising wellbeing highlight is something many refer to as park help. This component causes when individuals get ready to resemble leave the vehicle and works with sensors that are mounted around the outside which permits the vehicle to do the leaving for you. The driver doesn’t even need to contact the wheel. One can likewise purchase vehicles that have a camera mounted on the backside, while turning around, the screen which is found in the inside support changes to show a live feed of what is behind the vehicle. This causes the driver to ensure that there is nothing behind the vehicle, particularly in the spots that can't be found in the mirrors. Alongside these security highlights, programmed locks have now assumed control over manual locking entryways. The way that programmed locks work differs from vehicle to vehicle. At times, when you put the vehicle in to outfit the entryways lock, in others it happens when you arrive at a specific speed and in some the drive r or front traveler needs to press a catch to bolt all of theâ doors. These highlights permit us to feel increasingly good and more secure. Be that as it may, is it really best to have such a great amount of innovation inside a vehicle? There have been occasions when in crisis circumstances, for example, subsequent to having been in a mishap, the entryways won't open because of the innovation. This can be extremely perilous when it occurs in a desperate circumstance. On the off chance that the entryways can't be opened, it can take rescuers a more drawn out measure of time to get into the vehicle and help the people in question. Also, in such a circumstance consistently is basic. Airbags are another significant security include yet because of headways in innovation, don't generally work accurately. Upon sway, the airbags in a vehicle are intended to convey to permit the driver and traveler to hit a pad when pushed forward as opposed to hitting the directing haggle. In any case, with the advances in innovation there are some of the time issues with the sensors which don't permit the airbags to convey upon sway. This can cause genuine wounds and is an astounding case of how what we accept to be ‘good’ inn ovation, really being perilous to us. In these two models it isn't the client which makes the innovation ‘bad’, yet it is simply the innovation as it is questionable since it may not work appropriately when it is generally required. The arrangement between ‘good technology’ and ‘bad technology’ at last relies upon what the innovation is being utilized for and how it is being utilized. Now and again, for example, the IPhone, when utilizing it a lot of can conceivably make an individual languid, prompting diminished measures of physical action, is simply the client. The IPhone could be arranged as being acceptable as a result of what it permits the client to do, yet in addition awful since the client can become inundated by it. Anyway on account of the innovation in vehicles not working appropriately constantly, this isn't brought about by the client. It is simply the innovation which makes it positive or negative and in a world getting overwhelmed by innovation, it will perpetually be a fight between whether it is the innovation or the client which can make something that appears to be acceptable, be perilous.

Aerial, Areal, and Ariel

Finance For It And Service Sector Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

The objective of this project is to have a detail study about the start-up IT companies and the different problems faced by them, the various source of fund available to start a company and the advantages enjoyed by the established companies. Also compare between the companies using various tools of financial statements, ratio analysis and following the market trends. PART 1A ANALSING THE MAJOR SOURCE OF FUNDS FOR START-UP I.T. COMPANIES Own contribution-People start companies at different points in their lives. Some entrepreneurs start companies during the early stages of their career. A majority of entrepreneurs start companies at later stages in their lives and these entrepreneurs often have personal assets that they could use to finance their ideas. It is important for entrepreneurs to invest their personal savings in their business ideas as it indicates that the entrepreneur is confident about his or her own idea, thereby encouraging other investors to look at the idea more seriously. After all, who would want to invest in a company wherein the founder does not want to bet on the idea? Additionally, entrepreneurs who do not put their personal savings into the venture can find it hard to raise money from friends and family. Entrepreneurs should think thoroughly before investing their personal finances. If the business idea is not feasible, the entrepreneur loses everything. Angel investors-Angel investors are wealthy individuals who will give an entrepreneur financing in exchange for a share of equity in the company. Investment sizes range, but usually are less than $1 Million. A small but increasing number of angel investors organize themselves into angel groups or angel networks to share research and pool their investment capital, as well as to provide advice to their portfolio companies. Angels typically invest their own funds, unlike venture capitalists, who manage the pooled money of others in a professionally-managed fund. A Harvard report by William R. Kerr, Josh Lerner, and Antoinette Schoar provides evidence that angel-funded start-up companies have historically been less likely to fail than companies that rely on other forms of initial financing. Angel investments bear extremely high risk and are usually subject to dilution from future investment rounds. As such, they require a very high return on investment. Because a large percentage of ange l investments are lost completely when early stage companies fail, professional angel investors seek investments that have the potential to return at least 10 or more times their original investment within 5 years, through a defined exit strategy, such as plans for an initial public offering or an acquisition .Angel investors are more serious than the type of investor you would find in a Friends and Family Round, but they are usually less serious than a VC Firm. Pros and cons of angel investors Pros: Angels normally have experience in the industry and can offer helpful guidance and introductions to their network. Because angels are less rigid than VC Firms, flexible business agreements are common. Cons: You can be forced to give up some degree of control over your company. Due to the high-risk nature of angel investing, angels rarely make follow-on investments. Venture capitalist-A venture capitalist is a person that makes venture investments, and these venture capitalists are expected to bring managerial and technical expertise as well as capital to their investments. A venture capital fund refers to a pooled investment vehicle (in the United States, often an LP or LLC) that primarily invests the financial capital of third-party investors in enterprises that are too risky for the standard capital markets or bank loans. These funds are typically managed by a venture capital firm, which often employs individuals with technology backgrounds (scientists, researchers), business training and/or deep industry experience. Most venture capital funds have a fixed life of 10 years, with the possibility of a few years of extensions to allow for private companies still seeking liquidity. The investing cycle for most funds is generally three to five years, after which the focus is managing and making follow-on investments in an existing portfolio. This model was pioneered by successful funds in Silicon Valley through the 1980s to invest in technological trends broadly but only during their period of ascendance, and to cut exposure to management and marketing risks of any individual firm or its product. Pros and cons of venture capital Pros: VCs can invest large sums at once and they can provide expertise and other assistance that is helpful in growing and exiting your business. Being VC funded brings instant credibility to your company. VCs open up doors to a vast network of individuals including partners and future investors. Cons: The term Vulture Capitalist exists for a reason. VCs are about the money and will take necessary steps to see a return on their investment, including ousting you from your own company. VCs may steer the business in a direction that you dont agree with. However, they are very experienced and may know something that you dont. Family Friends-As an entrepreneur, you can lobby friends, family, and associates for funding that is usually invested more because of your personal relationship rather than an accurate assessment of the business plan. The Friends and Family Round often acts as a seed investment to get the business to a point where it will be able to obtain larger funding from an Angels or VCs. Pros and cons of family funding Pros: Funding is usually obtainable quickly due to your existing relationship. Potential exists for the mutual vested interest in the business to bring you closer with loved ones. The investment terms are usually more flexible and potential exists for numerous equity or pay back methods. Cons: Immense pressure to succeed can strain personal relationships. Friends and family frequently have an extremely limited ability to evaluate the potential of your business, though they tend to give advice because of their monetary stake in the company. Friends and family usually bring nothing more to the table as an investor besides the initial capital. IPO (Equity) As opposed to debt financing, equity financing transfers the risk from the entrepreneur to the investors, but has its own set of drawbacks. Equity financing is when entrepreneurs can raise money only through selling common or preferred stock to investors. This implies that an entrepreneur gives up some of his or her voting rights to investors. Although most angels offer equity financing, institutional venture capitals make the biggest equity financing investments. Institutional venture capital firms usually manage large funds anywhere from $25 million to $1 billion and invest in high growth companies. Debt- Bank loan-Entrepreneurs can also raise capital from banks through the debt financing route. Although some angels provide debt capital, commercial banks are the primary providers of debt capital to small companies. Bankers tend to make business loans through lines of credit, term loans and mortgages. A line of credit loan is the largest amount of money that the borrower can obtain from the bank at any one time. In addition to the line-of-credit load, banks issue five to ten year term loans that are generally used to finance equipment. Since the economic benefits of investing in equipment extend beyond a single year, banks are generally open to lending money to buy equipment that generate revenues, which match the interest to be received from such a loan. Finally, entrepreneurs can also obtain a mortgage to provide funding. Debenture is a type of debt instrument issued by corporations to raise capital. The debenture holders have a right to receive regular interest payments and a fixed sum called the principal on maturity. Debentures are not secured by any asset but are backed by the general credit worthiness and integrity of the issuing. Bonds are debt instrument issued by a business which obligates it to make periodic interest payments to the holder of the bond, as well as to repay the principal of the bond at the maturity day; The issuer obtains funds by placement of bonds in the capital market, i.e. they are sold to the economic subjects that invest their funds to purchase these securities. The process of the issue is similar to that one of the shares. Pros and cons of debt financing Pros: Debt financing increases the potential for higher rates of return on investment (ROI) Allows entrepreneurs to retain much of the board control, also. Cons: Irrespective of the start-ups outcome, banks make sure that they will get their investment back along with interests. To accomplish this, banks structure their agreements accordingly Govt. sponsored program-Several government programs provide financing to small businesses. The federal government has a long history of helping new businesses get started, primarily through the following federal programs: Small Business Administration (SBA) Small Business Investment Companies (SBIC) Small Business innovative Research (SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Apart from the federally sponsored programs, state and local government are also becoming increasingly active in financing new businesses. The nature of financing varies, but each program is generally geared to augment other sources of funding. Pros and cons of govt.funding Pros: Helps to raise money with low interest rates and equity Cons: Entrepreneurs must have the patience to go through the time-consuming government bureaucratic processes. PART 1B SOURCE OF FINANCE FOR EXISTING I.T. COMPANIES Rights issues-A rights issue provides a way of raising new share capital by means of an offer to existing shareholders, inviting them to subscribe cash for new shares in proportion to their existing holdings. A company making a rights issue must set a price which is low enough to secure the acceptance of shareholders, who are being asked to provide extra funds, but not too low, so as to avoid excessive dilution of the earnings per share. Preference shares- are a special kind of shares, the holders of such shares enjoy priority, both as regards to the payment of a fixed amount of dividend and repayment of capital on winding up of the company. Long-term funds from preference shares can be raised through a public issue of shares. Preference share capital is a hybrid form of financing which partakes some characteristics of equity capital and some attributes of debt capital. Retained earnings- For any company, the amount of earnings retained within the business has a direct impact on the amount of dividends. Profit re-invested as retained earnings is profit that could have been paid as a dividend. The major reasons for using retained earnings to finance new investments, rather than to pay higher dividends and then raise new equity for the new investments areÂÂ  (a)The use of retained earnings as opposed to new shares or debentures avoids issue costs. (b) The use of retained earnings avoids the possibility of a change in control resulting from an issue of new shares. Bank lending- Borrowings from banks are an important source of finance to both start-up and existing companies. Bank lending is still mainly short term, although medium-term lending is quite common these days. Medium-term loans are loans for a period of from three to ten years. The rate of interest charged on medium-term bank lending to large companies will be a set margin, with the size of the margin depending on the credit standing and riskiness of the borrower. A loan may have a fixed rate of interest or a variable interest rate, so that the rate of interest charged will be adjusted every three, six, nine or twelve months in line with recent movements in the Base Lending Rate. Leasing- A lease is an agreement between two parties, the lessor and the lessee. The lessor owns a capital asset, but allows the lessee to use it. The lessee makes payments under the terms of the lease to the lessor, for a specified period of time. Leasing is, therefore, a form of rental. Leased assets have usually been plant and machinery, cars and commercial vehicles, but might also be computers and office equipment. There are two basic forms of lease: (a) Operating leases- Operating leases are rental agreements between the lessor and the lessee whereby the lessor supplies the equipment to the lessee. (b) Finance leases- Finance leases are lease agreements between the user of the leased asset (the lessee) and a provider of finance (the lessor) for most, or all, of the assets expected useful life. Hire purchase- An industrial or commercial business can use hire purchase as a source of finance. Hire purchase is a form of instalment credit. Hire purchase is similar to leasing, with the exception that ownership of the goods passes to the hire purchase customer on payment of the final credit instalment, whereas a lessee never becomes the owner of the goods. Hire purchase agreements usually involve a finance house. PART 2 Looking at the advantages of existing IT companies over start-up companies. Existing IT majors always have an added advantage over the start-up companies. We shall now analyse the advantages of an existing companies by look at some specific area of superiority over new IT companies:- Brand Popularity-Being recognized all over the world as a respected brand is a sustained competitive advantage that companies such as TCS, Wipro and Infosys etc. have used as leverage to hold the market sway for years. Effective brand names build a connection between the brand personalities as it is perceived by the target audience and the actual product/service. Brand identity is fundamental to consumer recognition and symbolizes the brands differentiation from competitors. This companies has uses its brand name as leverage to break into new markets in completely new territories. Unfortunately new IT companies have a long way to go before they become a household name. Corporate reputation-Corporate reputation is a form of sustained competitive advantage that companies such as Infosys, Wipro and others major IT companies-which were/are mentored by people like N. R. Narayana Murthy, Azim Hashim Premji have leveraged to become world class entities. New companies often do not have right people for guidance. Strong research and Innovation The technology industry is one of the leading industries with respect to strong research and innovation. And when it comes to setting the pace using innovation as leverage existing companies always have an added advantage. Existing companies earn huge profit and spend a considerably part of their expenses in RD sector. Strategic assets-Holding strategic assets such as patents, intellectual property right is a strong source of sustained competitive advantage and big IT compnies have seen to it because of the several patents held. For example-Infosys was granted patents by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for System and Method for Managing Playout Time in Packet Communication Network and Methods and System for Configurable Domain Specific Abstract Core (DSAC). Access to working Capital-Generally, public liability companies (quoted companies) have a sustained competitive advantage over private companies because of their infinite capacity to raise capital from the public. Start-up companies are mostly funded by angel investors or venture capitalists hence they have a limited scope of raising more and more capital. High volume production-High volume of production reduces cost per unit of a product to a great extent. Old IT companies have a large workforce and they are able to produce in a large volume, reducing cost and selling at a lower rate. Now let us look at some of the problems faced by the start-up companies:- Not Enough Start-up Money-In a 2004 survey of new business closures, 79 percent of respondents cited starting out with too little money as one of the chief causes of their failure. Most start-up companies are financed by venture capitalists or through debt (term loan or debenture) who always have/give a limited amount of money which acts as a deterrent in the path of growth. Charging Too Little-One of the most common problems of new businesses is trying to beat the competition by offering lower prices. Start-up companies in order to capture the markets price their product as low as possible often resulting in losses and as a results they have zero reserve to finance their growth. The better strategy is to price your goods or services at a fair market value and try to beat the competition on high quality, customer service and your unique selling proposition, Poor Marketing Strategy-One of the most important elements of a successful business plan is a well-researched marketing plan. It starts with the market data you produced from census reports, feedback and competitive analysis. Once you have a clearly defined target customer, you need to design a marketing campaign that turns him or her into a paying customer. A common problem for new businesses is to rush into newspaper ads, glossy brochures and billboards. The first consideration should be the budget. Start-ups need to figure out how much each type of advertising costs and how many of your potential customers it will reach. Bad Business Plan-A common problem for new businesses is that they rush a product or service to market without a clear focus. The result is that the business owner ends up chasing too many potential markets and new products. At the beginning, its much more important to have a single focus with a proven client base. Existing IT companies always have a definite focus plan and they stay focus to it. PART 3 ANALYSING THE PERFORMANCE OF I.T. SECTOR IN INDIA From a nascent start, India has made rapid progress in the IT domain. The opening of the economy in the early 1990s gave it a tremendous boost. Indias prowess in the software field is now recognized the world over, with its software consultancy firms having a truly global presence and with nearly all the top Fortune 500 Companies as its clients. The existence of a separate Department of Information Technology under the Central Government is a reminder to the importance attached to IT and the impact it is having on various fronts including governance. Information Technology has come to be recognized as a key-leveraging factor in the National Development. It has had a profound effect on other industries in increasing productivity and changing cost structure. The Indian IT success story has also highlighted Indias attractiveness as an investment destination far beyond the IT sector. Another key impact of the global sourcing model popularised by the growth of IT and IT Enabled Services (ITES) has been the reversal of the brain drain as people of Indian origin (who went to pursue careers abroad), as well as young expatriates, are now attracted to work in India. The rapid growth of ITES-BPO and the IT industry as a whole has made a deep impact on the socioeconomic dynamics of the country, having a significant multiplier effect on the Indian economy. Apart from the direct impact on national income, the sector has risen to become the biggest employment generator with the number of jobs added almost doubling each year, has spawned a number of Ancillary businesses such as transportation, real estate and catering; played a key role in the rise in direct-tax collection and has contributed to a rising class of young consumers with high disposable incomes. The industrys contribution to the national economic output is estimated to account for 4.1 per cent of the national GDP in the year 2004-05. The IT services and software sector is expected to add 109,000 jobs in the current fiscal, ITES-BPO another 94,500. The number of professionals employed in India by the IT and ITES sector is estimated at 1,045, 000 by March 2005. Of these, 345,000 were in the IT software and services export industry; nearly 348,000 were in the ITES-BPO sector; 30,000 in the domestic Software market and over 322,000 in user organizations. The Indian software and services export was to the tune of Rs. 78,230 crore (US$ 17.2 billion) in 2004-05, as compared to Rs. 58,240 crore (US $12.8 billion) in 2003-04, an increase of 34 per cent both in rupee terms and dollar terms. The Indian ITES-BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) sector industry also continues to grow from strength to strength, witnessing high levels of activity both onshore as well as Offshore. Export revenues from ITES-BPO exports from India have exceeded the US $ 5 billion mark in the year 2004-05. The economic survey 2011-2012 gives the following interesting information regarding the IT sector:- The IT and IT enabled services (ITeS) sector are giving India the image of a young and resilient global knowledge power. The IT-ITeS industry has four major sub-components: IT services, business Process outsourcing (BPO), engineering services and research and development (RD), and software products. As per the estimates of NASSCOM, Indias IT and BPO sector (excluding hardware) revenues were US$ 87.6 billion in 2011-12, generating direct employment for nearly 2.8 million persons and indirect employment of around 8.9 million. As a proportion of national GDP, IT and ITeS sector revenues have grown from 1.2 per cent in 1997-8 to an estimated 7.5 per cent in 2011-1210.45 Software exports in 2011-12 are estimated at US$69 billion compared to US$59 billion in 2010-11. While exports continue to dominate the IT-ITeS industry and constitute about 78.4 per cent of total industry revenue, the CAGR of the domestic sector has also been high at 12.8 per cent compared to the14.2 per cent for exports during the Eleventh Five Year Plan period. The growth rate of the domestic sector in 2010-11 was 20.6 per cent as compared to 18.8 per cent for the export sector; in 2011-12 it was9.7 per cent for domestic sector and 16.4 per cent for export sector. In 2012-13, as per NASSCOM estimates, export revenues are expected to grow by11-14 per cent and domestic revenues by 13-16 per cent. These estimates are a pointer to the possibilities of making further forays into the untapped domestic sector for IT and ITeS. Consistent demand from the US, which increased its share in total exports of Indias IT and ITeS services from 61.5 per cent to 62 per cent, characterized 2011-12. Emerging markets of Asia Pacific and the rest of the world also contributed to overall growth. While the industrys vertical market mix is well balanced across several mature and emerging sectors, there was broad-based demand not only across traditional segments such as banking, financial services, and insurance (BFSI), but also new emerging verticals of retail, health care, media, and utilities. Sub-sector-wise in 2011-12, as per the provisional estimates of NASSCOM, in the export sector, IT services were the major component with a 58 per cent share and CAGR of 15.7 per cent for the Eleventh Plan period; followed by BPO with a 23.1 per cent share and 12.5 per cent CAGR; and software products / engineering with a 18.9 per cent share and 11.8 per cent CAGR. Indian IT service offerings have evolved from application development and maintenance to emerge as full service players providing testing and infrastructure services, consulting, and system integration. The year also witnessed the next phase of BPO-sector evolution, characterized by greater breadth and depth of services, process re-engineering across the value chain, increased delivery of analytics and knowledge-based services through platforms, strong domestic market focus, and Small and Medium-sized Business (SMB) centric delivery models. In the engineering design and products development segments, there was increasing use of electronics, adoption of fuel efficiency norms, convergence of local markets, and use of localized products. Increasing confidence between customers and service providers successfully executing a variety of activities across low-medium-high complexity projects has led to increasingly larger sizes of projects being sourced from India. In the domestic sector, the major component is IT services with 64.2 per cent share, followed by software products/ engineering with 19.6 per cent share and BPO with16.2 per cent share. The CAGRs of these sectors were 11.5 per cent, 13.6 per cent, and 18.1 % respectively. Strong economic growth, rapid advancement in technology infrastructure, Increasingly competitive Indian organizations enhanced focus by the government and emergence of business models that help provide IT to new customer segments are the key drivers for increased technology adoption in India. The IT and ITeS sector is also a generator of skilled employment with direct employment expected to reach 2.8 million in 2011-12 compared to 2.5 million in 2010-11. Challenges faced by IT companies in todays environment and role of Govt. Some of the challenges faced by the IT and ITeS sector include increasing competition from other countries with incentivized low costs, rising costs in India with wage-push inflation, increasing costs of relevant talent and skilled personnel, infrastructure constraints with over 90 per cent of total revenue generated from seven Tier-1 locations, risks like currency fluctuations and security, both physical and data related, and rising protectionist sentiments in key markets. Government has taken various initiatives to promote the growth of the IT-ITeS industry and has been a key catalyst for increased IT adoptionthrough sectors reforms that encourage IT acceptance, National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), and the Unique Identification Development Authority of India (UIDAI) programme that creates large-scale IT infrastructure and promotes corporate participation. The Draft National Policy on Information Technology 2011 focuses on deployment of information communication technology (ICT) in all sectors of the economy and providing IT solutions to the world. The Policy emphasizes adoption of technology-enabled approaches to overcome developmental challenges in education, health, skill development, financial inclusion, employment generation, and governance so as to enhance efficiency across the board in the economy. It seeks to bring ICT within the reach of the whole of India while at the same time harnessing the immense human resource potential in the country to enable it to emerge as the global hub and destination for IT-ITeS Services by 2020. The NeGP was approved by the Government of India in May 2006 to make all government services accessible to the common man in his locality, through common service delivery outlets at affordable costs. The NeGP comprises mission mode projects (MMPs) and core e-infrastructure. Significant progress has been made in laying down core e-infrastructure and in most of the MMPs. More than 97,000 common service centres (CSCs) have been established across the country as web enabled service access points for making public services available to citizens on anytime, anywhere basis. Initiatives under the NeGP also include online services related to income tax, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) 21, passports, and central excise. The government has also initiated new e-Governance projects for education, health, public distribution system and postal services. This will ensure the common man access to quality education, cost efficient and quality health care and postal services at affordable costs. The number of public services available to citizens in electronic mode will be expanded through the Electronic Delivery of Services (EDS) Bill, approved by the union cabinet on 20 December 2011. PART 4 COMPARISION BETWEEN EXISTING AND START-UP IT COMPANIES WITH RESPECT TO VARIOUS FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Cost of capital- The cost of capital is a term used in the field of financial investment to refer to the cost of a companys funds (both debt and equity), or, from an investors point of view the shareholders required return on a portfolio companys existing securities. It is used to evaluate new projects of a company as it is the minimum return that investors expect for providing capital to the company, thus setting a benchmark that a new project has to meet. Debt Equity ratio-The debt-to-equity ratio (D/E) is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of shareholders equity and debt used to finance a companys assets. Closely related to leveraging, the ratio is also known as Risk, Gearing or Leverage. The two components are often taken from the firms balance sheet or statement of financial position (so-called book value), but the ratio may also be calculated using market values for both, if the companys debt and equity are publicly traded, or using a combination of book value for debt and market value for equity financially. Now let us analyze the financial statement of some established IT companies- TATA CONSULTACNY SERVICE(TCS) Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) services, business solutions and outsourcing Services Company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. TCS is a subsidiary of the Tata Group and is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India. It is one of Indias most valuable companies and is the largest India-based IT services company by 2012 revenues. Let us look at the important financial position of the company:- The revenue of TCS has steadily increased since its inception. The company earned a revenue of INR 48894crores as of 31/3/12 an increase of 23.66% form the FY ending 31/3/11 where it clocked a revenue of INR 37325 crores. In March 10 the same stood at INR 30029 crores. The operating profit of the company was INR 13517 crores in March 12 vs. INR 10443 crores in March 11 vs. INR 8034 crores in March 10. Adjusted EPS for March 12 stood at INR 53.07 and the total dividend (equity) paid for the same time period was INR 4839.04 crores. Total debt (both long term short term) of the company as of 31/3/12 stood at INR 116.26 crores, while the total equity as of 31/3/12 stood at INR 195.72 crores (195.72 crores equity shares of Re. 1 each). EBITDA for the company stood at INR 14435.31 crores and EBT stood at INR 13923.31 crores as on 31/3/12. INFOSYS Infosys Limited (formerly Infosys Technologies Limited) is an Indian multinational provider of business consulting, technology, engineering, and outsourcing services. It is headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka. Infosys ranked among the most innovative companies in a Forbes survey, leading technology companies in a report by The Boston Consulting Group and top ten green companies in Newsweeks Green Rankings. Infosys was voted Indias most admired company in The Wall Street Journal Asia 200[8] every year since 2000. The corporate governance practices were recognized by The Asset Platinum award and the IR Global Rankings. Infosys was also ranked as the 15th most trusted brand in India by The Brand Trust Report. Let us look at the important financial position of the company:- The company earned a revenue of INR 31235crores as of 31/3/12 an increase of 18.73% form the FY ending 31/3/11 where it clocked a revenue of INR 25385 crores. The operating profit of the company was INR 9267crores in March 12 vs. INR 8414 crores in March 11. Adjusted EPS for March 12 stood at INR 145.83 and the total dividend (equity) paid for the same time period was INR 2001 crores. The total equity as of 31/3/12 stood at INR 286 crores same as March 11 and total shareholders fund was INR 31332 crores (March 12). The debt-equity ratio of the company is 0 (zero) EBIT for the company stood at INR 9267 crores and EBT stood at INR 11699 crores as on 31/3/12. [NOTE: all figures as per consolidated financial statements]

Quotes to Help You Learn More About Yourself

Every person embarks on a journey of self-discovery at some point of time in his or her life. Some people attain spiritual enlightenment during this journey of introspection. Knowing oneself fully is the highest point of self-actualization. To achieve this goal, you have to accept your flaws and special qualities with humility and honesty. If you have a spiritual friend or a guru, you can gain much more from the perspective of an outsider. Ask your companion to help you introspect on your deeper attributes, without being judgmental or defensive. Life is an eternal quest about knowing oneself. Its time to challenge yourself, to rediscover your hidden traits, talents, and tendencies. Several inconvenient questions, which you have swept under the carpet, might resurface. Here is a collection of about me quotes. Each noted author has revealed her or his unique qualities. When you read these about me quotes, you will find the inspiration to ask yourself Is that true about me? Frederick Perls I do my thing and you do yours. I am not in this world to live up to your expectations, and you are not in this world to live up to mine. You are you and I am I, and if by chance we find each other, then it is beautiful. If not, it cant be helped. Marie Bashkirtseff I am my own heroine. Louis LAmour I am somebody. I am me. I like being me. And I need nobody to make me somebody. Josh Groban Dont try to be like me. Try to be like yourself. Try to be very good at being yourself. Irene C. Kassorla You must have control of the authorship of your own destiny. The pen that writes your life story must be held in your own hand. John Mason You were born an original. Dont die a copy. Robert Brault Why try to be someone youre not? Life is hard enough without adding impersonation to the skills required. Albert Einstein I am enough of an artist to draw freely upon my imagination. I am not only a pacifist but a militant pacifist. I am willing to fight for peace. Nothing will end war unless the people themselves refuse to go to war. I am neither especially clever nor especially gifted. I am only very, very curious. Catherine the Great I am one of the people who love the why of things. Princess Diana I like to be a free spirit. Some dont like that, but thats the way I am. Pablo Picasso I am only a public entertainer who understands his time. Sri Sathya Sai Baba I am you; you are me. You are the waves; I am the ocean. Know this and be free, be divine. Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama The deep root of failure in our lives is to think, Oh how useless and powerless I am. It is essential to think strongly and forcefully, I can do it, without boasting or fretting. Bertrand Russell I am not myself in any degree ashamed of having changed my opinions. Oscar Wilde I am the only person in the world I should like to know thoroughly. I am so clever that sometimes I dont understand a single word of what I am saying. Winnie The Pooh People say nothing is impossible, but I do nothing every day. Gianni Versace That is the key of this collection, being yourself. Dont be into trends. Dont make fashion own you, but you decide what you are, what you want to express by the way you dress and the way to live. David Carradine If you cannot be a poet, be the poem. Harvey Fierstein Never be bullied into silence. Never allow yourself to be made a victim. Accept no ones definition of your life; define yourself. Kongzi Wheresoever you go, go with all your heart. Desiderius Erasmus It is the chiefest point of happiness that a man is willing to be what he is. Andre Berthiaume We all wear masks, and the time comes when we cannot remove them without removing some of our own skin. William Shakespeare God has given you one face, and you make yourself another. Lao Tzu When I let go of what I am, I become what I might be. Winston Churchill I am certainly not one of those who need to be prodded. In fact, if anything, I am the prod. Margaret Thatcher I am extraordinarily patient, provided I get my own way in the end. Henry David Thoreau A friend is one who takes me for what I am. Ayn Rand To say I love you  one must first be able to say the I. Louis XIV I am the state. Muhammad Ali I am the greatest, I said that even before I knew I was. Leo Tolstoy Without knowing what I am and why I am here, life is impossible. Buddha ï » ¿I am the miracle.